The indiscriminate use of antibiotics conditioned by the constant appearance of new diseases and the re-emergence of others has caused an increase in antimicrobial resistance and the association of bacterial infections and viral and fungal infections. Although Candida and Aspergillus species cause the bulk of these infections, a growing proportion of infections are caused by less prevalent pathogens like the Rhodotorula species. Rhodotorula is an emerging opportunistic fungal pathogen. Rhodotorula, a basisiomycetous yest, is found in nature; and has been isolated from several environmental sources as well as dairy products. They can also as a commensal yeast on the skin, nails, and mucous membranes of humans. It is important to mention that meningitis, fungemia, ventriculitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, endocarditis, endophtalmitis, keratitis, lymphadeniis, oral ulcer and infections of devices, such as catheters and contact lenses have all been related to Rhodotorula. The most effective antifungal agents against R. mucilaginosa are amphotericin B and flucytosine. Fluconazole resistance has been observed in all strains of Rhodotorula. In immunocompromised patients, early identification and chemotherapy are critical for preventing disease spread. Prevention methods aim to reduce identified risk factors. It is necessary to implement control and prevention measures to reduce morbidity and mortality rates due to Rhodotorula species. Its resistance to azoles leaves us with few therapeutic options to deal with it.
